SONWAY GROUP Pump

Description

Applicable Standards

Inquiry

Centrifugal Pumps

Basic Description: General name for pumps with one or more impellers. Many types and configurations for different applications.

Key Features: One or more impellers. Casing is volute or diffuser type. Normally electric motor driven, but other drives types available.

Applications Used: All sorts of liquids can be pumps with centrifugal pumps. Highest flow rates of all pump types. Handles clean or dirty liquids and liquids with low viscosity. Liquid should not contain air or vapors.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Best pump choice for lower viscosity (thin) liquids and high flow rates. No pulsations that may be found in some positive displacement pumps.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 200,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 7,500 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.125 - 5,000 hp

ANSI Process Pumps

Basic Description: ANSI Process pumps are the only dimensionally standard pump type in the U.S. pump industry (e.g., comparable sizes of all manufacturers have identical envelope and interface dimensions.) ANSI process pumps are, by definition, a horizontal, end suction, single stage pump. The pump meets ANSI B73.1 (ASME B73.1).

Key Features: Considered an end suction pump, frame mounted. Normally supplied with open impellers. Dimensionally standard sizes supplied by all manufacturers. Available in a wide variety of alloys and non-metals for many corrosive services.

Applications Used: Transfer and process applications in chemical plants, pulp and paper mills, refineries, food processing plants, and general services in manufacturing plants of all types.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Dimensional standardization allows the complete piping, foundation, and building design to be completed before the pump supplier is chosen. Also, this permits the pump brand to be switched in the field without having to re-pipe or modify the motor, coupling, or bed plate. This pump type has more material options than other types.

Flow Rate Ranges: 10 - 5,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges:50 - 750 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 250 hp

API Process Pumps

Basic Description: The API pump type applies to pumps built to the API 610 standard for pumps for refineries, pipelines, and other hydrocarbon processing applications. It includes end suction, horizontal split case, vertical turbine, and other types.

Key Features: Meets API 610 standard for hydrocarbon services. Includes closed impellers, with locked wearing rings. Normally centerline mounted to minimize thermal movement.

Applications Used: Hydrocarbon transfer and processing services in refineries, pipelines, and hydrocarbon processing plants.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Crude oil and all types of hydrocarbons.

Advantages: Meets API 610 requirements, assuring safety and reliability for high pressure, high temperature hydrocarbon services.

Flow Rate Ranges: 10 - 10,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 7,500 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 5,000 hp

Axial Flow Pumps

Basic Description: Axial Flow pumps are a very high flow, low head type of pump. Also called a propeller pump.

Key Features: Single stage, high specific speed impeller for high flow low head.

Applications Used: Flood dewatering, power plant circulating water pump, evaporator services, and irrigation.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids. Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen.

Advantages: This pump type is the best type to achieve very high flow rate with very low head, a hydraulic requirement needed for certain applications such as flood dewatering.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5,000 - 200,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 30 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 10 - 1,500 hp

Booster Pumps

Basic Description: Booster pumps are used to further boost the pressure in a system. It may be an end suction, in-line circulator, horizontal split case, or vertical turbine in a can type of pump.

Key Features: Booster pumps are almost always a multi-stage pump (has more than one impeller). All other features are quite specific to the application. Applications Used: Potable water distribution, irrigation booster, cooling water booster, process booster service.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Normally not used for liquids containing solids. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Allows the building up of additional pressure that is required to move liquid a long distance or to use the high pressure for spraying or other services.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 10,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 200 - 7,500 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 5,000 hp

Canned Motor Pumps

Basic Description: Canned Motor pumps are sealless centrifugal pumps. The impeller is directly attached to the motor rotor, with a can separating the wetted rotor from the motor stator.

Key Features: Pump and motor are close coupled, so no mechanical seal. Pump rotor includes a circulating path of pumped liquid to lubricate sleeve bearings and thrust surfaces. These wear areas are made of ceramic, silicon carbide, or tungsten carbide.

Applications Used: Pumping chemicals, hydrocarbons, or other liquids that are difficult to seal, or where the consequences of leakage are serious. Pumping heat transfer fluids which are high temperature or which are prone to costly evaporative losses with traditional mechanical seals.

Recommended Media (Fluid): All types of thin (non-viscous liquids). Advantages: Eliminates the mechanical seal, one of the largest components of pump maintenance cost. Plus, the pump is assured to be leak-free.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 1,500 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 25 - 400 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 300 hp

Chopper Pumps

Basic Description: Chopper Pumps are a type of centrifugal pump that is designed to chop up solids and stringy material as it pumps. It is available in a vertical column and end suction configuration.

Key Features: Pump impeller contains heavy duty grinding teeth, and many have replaceable wear plates in the casing, to allow chopping of solids as the pump operates.

Applications Used: Chopper pumps are used in applications that plug conventional solids handling wastewater pumps in industrial, chemical, and fool processing facilities.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Liquids containing solids and stringy material that would otherwise be difficult to pump.

Advantages: Able to pump liquids containing long stringy materials or other solids that would plug up in other pump types.

Flow Rate Ranges: 50 - 10,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 15 - 200 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 500 hp

Circulator Pumps:

Basic Description: Circulator pumps is generally a pump with in-line suction and discharge flanges.

Key Features: In-line suction and discharge piping connections. Pump may be equipped with a traditional motor and coupling, or may have a wetted rotor motor that eliminates the seal.

Applications Used: Circulator pumps are used in HVAC systems in buildings (chilled water circulation, hot water circulation, potable water circulation). Also circulation of cooling water in plants.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids.

Advantages: In-line design saves on floor space.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 750 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 20 - 180 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 50 hp

Drum Pumps

Basic Description: Drum pumps are used to pump small quantities of liquid out of drums and carboys. Pump is very slim to fit in drum opening. Normally supplied as centrifugal pump, but positive displacement pump types are available for thicker liquids and pastes.

Key Features: Small diameter tube surrounding the shaft fits into the opening of a 55 gallon drum. Normally has a hand-trigger controlled motor.

Applications Used: Pumping small quantities of liquids out of 55 gallon drums and larger carboys.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids.

Advantages: Very practical way to pump small amounts of various fluids that are stored in drums or carboys.

Flow Rate Ranges: 0.5 - 70 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 20 - 75 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.25 - 1 hp

Cryogenic Pumps

Basic Description: Cryogenic pumps are used to handle very low temperature liquids.

Key Features: Special materials, seals, and clearances to tolerate very low temperatures.

Applications Used: Low temperature applications in process industries, LNG supply, and semiconductor manufacturing.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Ideal for very low temperature liquids.

Advantages: Able to tolerate the low temperatures found in certain applications.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 1,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 25 - 1,000 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 500 hp

End Suction Pumps

Basic Description: End suction pumps are the common type of centrifugal pump. Has horizontal shaft with overhung impeller. Flow goes in the end of the casing, and out the top.

Key Features: Horizontal shaft, single impeller (see multi-stage category for pumps with more impellers). Various impeller types for clean and dirty services, many material options.

Applications Used: Any transfer or circulation of liquid. Handles clean or dirty liquids, and liquids with low viscosity. Liquid should not contain air or vapors.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Lowest first cost option for most applications. Stocked by most distributors in common sizes.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 7,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 750 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.125 - 250 hp

Fire Pumps

Basic Description: Centrifugal pump used for firefighting in buildings, plants, and other locations. May meet UL/NFPA standards for fire pumps. Normally this is a horizontal split case or vertical turbine pump for UL/FM services. Non listed pumps may be end suction type.

Key Features: Listed pumps meet the requirements of UL/FM for firefighting services.

Applications Used: Firefighting services of all types, both UL/FM listed and unlisted.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water

Advantages: Meets requirements of UL/FM for firefighting pumps. Suppliers often include complete system, including engine and controls.

Flow Rate Ranges: 20 - 5,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 100 - 1,200 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 10 - 800 hp

Grinder Pumps

Basic Description: Grinder pumps are a type of submersible sewage pump that has cutting teeth incorporated onto the impeller, to grind the sewage for pressure sewer applications. Also available in progressing cavity pump positive displacement type.

Key Features: Grinding teeth on the inlet of the impeller, submersible motor. .

Applications Used: Residential pressure sewer systems. .

Recommended Media (Fluid): Sewage and other wastewater. .

Advantages: This type of sewage pump allows smaller diameter sewage lines than typical gravity drain sewers. Also, the sewer lines can follow the contour of the land since they don’t have to continuously drain to the collection point. .

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 50 gpm.

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 150 ft.

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 5 hp.

Horizontal Split Case Pumps

Basic Description: Horizontal Split Case pumps are a types of centrifugal pump type has a single double suction impeller supported between bearings. Casing is split horizontally for maintenance. Suction and discharge flanges are opposed to each other.

Key Features: Double suction impeller gives better NPSH and lower axial thrust. Casing is normally double volute, to reduce radial bearing loads. Pump has two seals, both sealing suction pressure.

Applications Used: Usually higher flow rate applications than end suction pumps. Used for cooling water, plant make-up water, potable water distribution, fire pumps, pipelines, and other main process flows.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Normally not used for liquids containing solids. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: This pump type permits much higher flow rates than end suction pumps. The double suction impeller has no axial thrust loads, and is less likely to cavitate.

Flow Rate Ranges: 100 - 100,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 1,500 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 3 - 5,000 hp

Jet Pumps

Basic Description: Jet pumps are a type of home water well pump that is used for lower flow rates than vertical turbine types. It is a horizontal end suction pump, put makes use of an ejector to assist the flow.

Key Features: Horizontal end suction pump with ejector either mounted on the pump (for shallow well services), or located down in the well.

Applications Used: Domestic water wells

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water

Advantages: Lower cost domestic well pump than submersible.

Flow Rate Ranges: 1 - 70 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 20 - 200 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 5 hp

Magnetic Drive Pumps

Basic Description: Magnetic drive pumps are a type of sealless centrifugal pump. It transmits the torque from the motor to the impeller by means of a rotating outer magnet which transmits the magnetic flux through a can to an inner magnet that is attached to the impeller. The inside of the can is thus isolated, with no shaft penetration, and the seal is eliminated.

Key Features: Magnets are typically made of ceramic, samarium cobalt, or neodymium. Bushings and thrust surfaces inside the can are made of silicon carbide or tungsten carbide, or ceramic, to handle the potentially abrasive liquid that circulates inside the can. Most must be protected against loss of flow, which could seriously damage the pump due to temperature build-up due to the magnetic flux.

Applications Used: Pumping chemicals, hydrocarbons, or other liquids that are difficult to seal, or where the consequences of leakage are serious. Pumping heat transfer fluids which are high temperature or which are prone to costly evaporative losses with traditional mechanical seals.

Recommended Media (Fluid): All types of thin (non-viscous liquids).

Advantages: Eliminates the mechanical seal, one of the largest components of pump maintenance cost. Plus, the pump is assured to be leak-free.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 4,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 25 - 1,000 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 300 hp

Multistage Pumps

Basic Description: Multistage pumps use multiple impellers with either diffusers or volutes generate more head than single stage (single impeller) pumps. Available in horizontal and vertical orientations.

Key Features: Casing may be split radially or axially. Axial thrust may or may not be balanced out, depending on design. Impellers are enclosed design with diffuser or volute casing.

Applications Used: Higher pressure services such as boiler feed water, condensate, pipelines, reverse osmosis, and decaling.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Normally not used for liquids containing solids. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Best ways to get high pressure with a centrifugal pump. Thrust loads may be lower than single stage designs.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 10,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 200 - 7,500 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 5,000 hp

Regenerative Turbine Pumps

Basic Description: Regererative turbine pumps are not considered a true centrifugal, but works on the same kinetic principal as a centrifugal pump.Instead of an impeller with vanes, the turbine impeller has blades similar to turbines, which generate the head. Normally it is end suction, single stage, though multi-stage versions are available.

Key Features: Normally single stage, though multi-sage is available. Pump has very tight internal clearances, so liquid pumped must be quite clean. Pump has very steep head-capacity curve, so pump must be protected against possibly operating against closed valve.

Applications Used: Small boiler feed pumps for dry cleaners, bakeries, and similar small commercial boilers. Also used in OEM applications such as chiller and laser cooling.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Thin, clear liquids.

Advantages: Very compact pump for low flow, high head applications. This may result in space savings and reduced cost for small boiler feed pumps. This pump type handles vapor and air mixed in with the liquid better than traditional centrifugal pumps.

Flow Rate Ranges: 1 - 200 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 1,200 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 75 hp

Slurry Pumps

Basic Description: Slurry pump is a general term for a pump that handles an abrasive slurry. They may be considered an end suction pump, vertical column pump, or submersible pump.

Key Features: Pumps are constructed either of high nickel cast iron (white iron) to withstand the abrasive wear of slurries, or the pump is lined with rubber for more round-edged slurries. Pumps often have replaceable wear plates on one or both sides of the impeller.

Applications Used: Mining, minerals processing, transportation of slurries for processing, and dredging. Also pumps used in slurry applications in coal fired power plants, steel mills, cement mills, etc

Recommended Media (Fluid): Very abrasive liquids of all types.

Advantages: Ordinary pumps wouldn't withstand the abrasive wear that slurries cause on pump parts. Slurry pumps are designed to handle abrasive slurries and give pumps the longest life possible.

Flow Rate Ranges: 10 - 30,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 30 - 250 ft

Self-Priming Pumps

Basic Description: Self-Priming pumps are a type of centrifugal that can be located above the suction reservoir without an external priming system. End suction configuration, but enlarged case to support priming.

Key Features: No need for external priming or foot valves.

Applications Used: Sump pumps and dewatering applications. Transfer services where pump must be located above the suction vessel.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: No need for external priming.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 7,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 350 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 150 hp

Submersible Pumps

Basic Description: Submersible pumps involve a submersible motor with a close coupled to single stage pump that allows the entire assembly to operated submerged.

Key Features: Submerged motor, either air-filled or oil-filled. Different impellers are designed to accommodate solids of various sizes.

Applications Used: Sump pump services, effluent and sewage services ranging in size from products for homes to main sewage treatment plants.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen.

Advantages: Eliminates column shaft and bearings found in column sump pump. More compact, reduced sump installation cost. May be located in areas prone to flooding.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 7,500 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 200 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.25 - 250 hp

Trash Pumps

Basic Description: Trash pumps are a type of self-priming centrifugal or submersible centrifugal pump designed to handle rocks and other solids while dewatering.

Key Features: Open or non-clog enclosed impellers, designed to pass rocks and other debris. Pumps may be self-priming. Seals usually have hardened faces.

Applications Used: Dewatering construction sites, mines, and utility pits.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Dirty water containing mud, rocks, stone, and other debris.

Advantages: Designed to pump the solids and abrasives found in many dewatering applications.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 1,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 25 - 150 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.25 - 50 hp

Vertical Sump Pumps

Basic Description: Vertical sump pumps involve a vertical shaft supported in a center column. Single impeller, open or enclosed, pumps through a volute casing and then out a discharge column pipe.

Key Features: Various impeller types for clean and dirty services. Sleeve bearings in the column pipe need to be lubricated by the sump water, or externally with water or grease.

Applications Used: Sump pump services.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Relatively low cost sump pump. Most designs need no shaft seal, since shaft column not pressurized.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 7,500 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 15 - 150 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 250 hp

Vertical Turbine Pumps

Basic Description: Vertical turbine pumps are a vertical shaft pump that is designed to fit in a bore-hole well. Can also pump out of open reservoir, river, intake structure, or tank, or can be mounted in barrel for booster pump applications. Pump can have one or more impellers and diffuser bowls, depending on total head requirement.

Key Features: Available with open and enclosed impellers. Sleeve bearings in pump diffuser bowls are lubricated by liquid pumped. Vertical high thrust motor mounted on top for product lubricated lineshaft bearings, or submersible motor mounted below pump to eliminate lineshaft and lineshaft bearings.

Applications Used: Irrigation, potable water supply, plant make-up water, cooling water, fire pumps, potable water distribution, booster pumps, process pumps.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.

Advantages: Only practical way to pump from a deep well. Wide flow and head ranges. Low floor space usage. Immersed pump eliminates priming. Canned pump version excellent for low NPSH services.

Flow Rate Ranges: 50 - 150,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 15 - 2,000 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 5,000 hp

Well Pumps

Basic Description: A type of vertical turbine pump designed especially for use in a drilled bore-hole well. Also, for lower flow rates refer to jet pump type above.

Key Features: Available with open and enclosed impellers. Sleeve bearings in pump diffuser bowls are lubricated by liquid pumped. Vertical high thrust motor mounted on top for product lubricated lineshaft bearings, or submersible motor mounted below pump to eliminate lineshaft and lineshaft bearings.

Applications Used: Irrigation, potable water supply, plant make-up water, cooling water, fire pumps, potable water distribution.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and relatively thin liquids. Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen.

Advantages: Only practical way to pump from a deep well. Wide flow and head ranges. Low floor space usage. Immersed pump eliminates priming.

Flow Rate Ranges: 50 - 20,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 20 - 1,000 ft

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 3,000 hp

Positive Displacement Pumps

Basic Description: A positive displacement (PD) pump is a general name for a pump type that does not have impellers, but rather relies on rotating or reciprocating parts to directly push the liquid in an enclosed volume, until enough pressure is built up to move the liquid into the discharge system. This includes many specific types for specific applications, as described below.

Key Features: Pump works on positive displacement principal, either rotary or reciprocating type. See below for features of specific types.

Applications Used: All types of services in many industries where positive displacement pumps are favored over centrifugal pumps due to high viscosity, presence of fragile or shear sensitive solids, or need for low flow and high pressure.

Recommended Media (Fluid): High viscosity fluids, some thinner fluids, fluids containing solids, especially fragile solids, and shear sensitive liquids.

Advantages: Best choice for higher viscosity services, and to move liquids gently. May also be needed for low flow, high pressure combination, or other application niches. Some types are inherently self-priming, and several types are sealless.

Flow Rate Ranges: 0.1 - 15,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 100,000 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 5,000 hp

AODD Pumps

Basic Description: AODD pumps are any type of reciprocating diaphragm pump containing two diaphragms and driven by air instead of by electric motor.

Key Features: Air section with shuttle valve applies air alternately to the two diaphragms. Each diaphragm has a set of check valves.

Applications Used: Many applications in general plant service where electricity isn't available, or where the liquid being pumped has high solids content or high viscosity.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids, and corrosive liquids.

Advantages: Can be used where no electricity is available, if compressed air is available. Available in a variety of metal and non-metallic materials depending on the fluid pumped. Able to pump liquids containing large solids. Pump is sealless and can run dry.

Flow Rate Ranges: 0.25 - 300 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 125 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.25 - 30 hp

Concrete Pump

Basic Description: Concrete pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that is specially designed to pump concrete and other mixed aggregate solutions.

Key Features: High pressure discharge for pumping concrete long distances or up high elevations. Materials of construction that can handle the abrasive aggregate.

Applications Used: Concrete pouring, construction projects.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Concrete and other aggregate solutions.

Advantages: Best way to move concrete long distances and up heights during pour.

Flow Rate Ranges: 10 - 1,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 25 - 1,000 ps

Horse Power Ranges: 10 - 500 hp

Diaphragm Pumps

Basic Description: Diaphragm pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump in which liquid is pumped by a reciprocating diaphragm, which is driven by a solenoid, a mechanical drive, or a fluid drive. Other versions are air operated (see AODD type below). Pump has inlet and outlet check valves.

Key Features: Pump contains reciprocating diaphragm and inlet and outlet check valves.

Applications Used: Many applications in general plant service where the liquid being pumped has high solids content or high viscosity.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids, and corrosive liquids.

Advantages: Handles a wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids. Pump is sealless, and can run dry without damaging the pump.

Flow Rate Ranges: 1 - 1,800 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 25 - 15,000 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 2,000 hp

Flexible Impeller Pumps

Basic Description: Flexible impeller pumps are a type of rotary positive displacement pump that has a rotating rubber impeller with vanes that bend and then straighten as the impeller rotates to conform to the internal cam in the pump casing.

Key Features: Various rubber materials available for correct compatibility with the fluid pumped.

Applications Used: Used as bilge and ballast pumps in small and medium marine services. Also found in other applications in plants where fluids contain some solids.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water, seawater, and other thin liquids, including liquids containing some solids.

Advantages: Relatively low cost way to move liquids containing some amounts of solids.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 150 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 60 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.25 - 10 hp

Gear Pumps

Basic Description: Gear pumps are a type of rotary positive displacement pump in which liquid is pumped by passing between two meshing gears and the surrounding casing. There are internal and external gear types.

Key Features: Internal and external gear types. Typically doesn't handle solids or abrasive liquids.

Applications Used: Most common pump for clean oils and other viscous liquids.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Oils and other high viscosity liquids. Usually only suited for clean liquids (no solids).

Advantages: Most widely used for clean oil services. Few moving parts, simple construction

Flow Rate Ranges: 1 - 1,500 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 2,500 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.5 - 2,000 hp

Lobe Pumps

Basic Description: Lobe pumps involve two shafts drive lobes which mesh with each other, but do not touch due to the use of timing gears. This allows gentle pumping of liquids containing soft or fragile solids, or viscous liquids.

Key Features: Pump has timing gears so that lobes don't contact each other while pumping. Available in sanitary options for food, pharmaceutical, and biotech services.

Applications Used: Available in sanitary options for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and biotech applications.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Liquids which are viscous or which contain fragile solids or are shear sensitive.

Advantages: This is the normal pump of choice for sanitary applications pumping viscous liquids or liquids containing fragile solids. No metal to metal contact inside the pump.

Flow Rate Ranges: 25 - 3,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 450 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 500 hp

Metering Pumps

Basic Description: Metering pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement diaphragm pump that has a very low flow rate (typically measured in gallons per hour or per day, rather than per minute). Flow rate is adjustable.

Key Features: Pump is typically a diaphragm style, though older designs are plunger type. Diaphragm is driven by solenoid, mechanical actuation, or hydraulic actuation. Pump includes inlet and outlet check valves. Normally contains stroke length adjustment to vary flow rate, and some pumps can also control flow rate with speed control.

Applications Used: Used to meter or dose very low flow rates with high accuracy. Most common application is chemical treatment of water in boilers, cooling towers, potable water, etc

Recommended Media (Fluid): Wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids.

Advantages: Accurate, repeatable volumetric flow measurement. Ability to easily adjust the flow rate by adjusting stroke length or speed.

Flow Rate Ranges: .01 - 20 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 30,000 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.125 - 60 hp

Peristaltic Pumps (Hose Pump)

Basic Description: Peristaltic pumps or hose pumps are a type of rotary positive displacement pump that has a roller or shoe that squeezes a tube or hose as it rotates. The squeezing action moves the liquid along the tube.

Key Features: Includes replaceable hose that must be compatible with the pumped liquid. This hose is typically able to be replaced when worn.

Applications Used: This pump type is used to handle chlorine and other disinfectants in commercial swimming pools, in wineries, in sewage treatment plants, and in many OEM applications where sealless pumping is a plus.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids, and corrosive liquids.

Advantages: This pump type requires no seal, and keeps the liquid inside the tube, so zero leakage.

Flow Rate Ranges: 0.2 - 200 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 10 - 250 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 0.125 - 40 hp

Piston Pumps

Basic Description: Piston pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that has, double acting reciprocating pistons.

Key Features: Pump includes one or more double acting pistons, sealed with o-rings against cylinder walls. Pump has an inlet and outlet check valve for each piston.

Applications Used: Used in oil production, in wash down services, pressure washing, car washes, reverse osmosis, and other applications where high pressure is needed.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and other thin liquids, including liquids containing abrasives.

Advantages: May be better alternative than plunger pump in certain applications, such as abrasive liquids. Slower speeds may mean less maintenance.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 700 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 5,000 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 500 hp

Plunger Pumps

Basic Description: Plunger pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that has, typically, three or five single acting reciprocating plungers.

Key Features: Pump includes one or more single acting plungers, sealed with packing against cylinder walls. Pump has an inlet and outlet check valve for each plunger.

Applications Used: Used in oil production, in wash down services, pressure washing, car washes, reverse osmosis, and other applications where high pressure is needed.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Water and other thin liquids, crude oils.

Advantages: Best way to achieve very high pressures when pumping.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 1,200 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 100,000 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 5,000 hp

Progressive Cavity Pumps

Basic Description: Progressive cavity pumps are a type of rotary positive displament pump that has a single-threaded helically shaped rotor turning inside of a double-threaded helically shaped rubber stator. This produces a progressing cavity that moves the liquid through the pump and pressurizes it.

Key Features: Rotor is an interference fit inside the electrometric stator to minimize leakage (slip). Starting torque may be higher than running torque because of this.

Applications Used: Used to pump polymers and dewatered sludge in sewage treatment applications, and in pumping liquids which are viscous or contain solids in industrial plants such as pulp mills, petrochemical, and chemical plants.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids and liquids containing solids.

Advantages: Sometimes considered the pump of last resort, as it will handle difficult liquids which are viscous or contain solids and which other pump types cannot accommodate.

Flow Rate Ranges: 10 - 2,400 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 2,000 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 500 hp

Screw Pumps

Basic Description: Screw pumps use two intermeshing screws, driven by timing gears, move oils and other viscous liquids. Also available with three screws, one driving the other.

Key Features: Two screw pumps make use of timing gears so that meshing screws don't drive each other. Triple screw types have one screw driving the other two and don't include timing gears.

Applications Used: Fuel transfer, elevators, and other applications requiring relatively high flow rates of viscous liquids.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Oils, fuels, and other high viscosity liquids. Also handles two-phase liquid/gas mixtures.

Advantages: Highest flow rate of positive displacement pumps.

Flow Rate Ranges: 50 - 15,000 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 50 - 4,500 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 5 - 5,000 hp

Vane Pumps

Basic Description: Vane pumps use a rotor with vanes located in slots, rotating inside an eccentrically shaped casing. As the rotor turns, the vanes move in and out of the slots.

Key Features: Sliding vanes are often made of carbon.

Applications Used: An alternative to a gear pump for transferring oils and other viscous liquids. Also good for thinner liquids.

Recommended Media (Fluid): Oils and other high viscosity liquids. Usually only suited for clean liquids (no solids). Also good for thin liquids like gasoline and water.

Advantages: Good for both thick and thin liquids, so often chosen for terminals and truck unloading where many types of liquids are handled.

Flow Rate Ranges: 5 - 2,500 gpm

Total Head (Pressure) Ranges: 20 - 200 psi

Horse Power Ranges: 1 - 300 hp

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Related
OIL AND GAS:

API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Service

This International Standard specifies requirements for single and multistage centrifugal pumps, including pumps running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines, for use in petroleum, petrochemical and gas industry process services. This Standard is applicable to overhung pumps, between-bearings pumps and vertically-suspended pumps. This Standard is not applicable to seal-less pumps.

API 685 Seal Less Centrifugal Pumps

This standard covers the minimum requirements for seal-less centrifugal pumps for use in petroleum, heavy duty chemical and gas industry services. Single stage pumps of two classifications, magnetic drive pumps (MOP) and canned motor pumps (CMP), are covered by this standard.

API 674 Positive Displacement Pumps. Reciprocating

This standard covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating positive displacement pumps for use in service in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries. Both direct-acting and power-frame types are included.

API 675 Positive Displacement Pumps. Controlled Volume

This standard covers the minimum requirements for controlled volume positive displacement pumps for use in service in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries. Both packed-plunger and diaphragm types are included. Diaphragm pumps that use direct mechanical actuation are excluded.

API 676 Positive Displacement Pumps. Rotary

This standard covers the minimum requirements for rotary positive displacement process pumps and pump units for use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and gas industry services.

ISO 13709 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries

This International Standard specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps, including pumps running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines, for use in petroleum, petrochemical and gas industry process services. This International Standard is applicable to overhung pumps, between-bearings pumps and vertically suspended pumps. It is not applicable to seal/less pumps.

PROCESS:

ISO 9905:1994 Technical specifications for centrifugal pumps. Class I

The technical requirements refer only to the pump unit. Includes design features concerned with installation, maintenance and safety of such pumps, including baseplate, coupling and auxiliary piping. The selection of the class to be used is made in accordance with the technical requirements for the application for which the pump is intended. The class chosen is to be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer/supplier.

ISO 5199:2002 Technical Specifications for Centrifugal Pumps. Class II

This International Standard specifies the requirements for Class II centrifugal pumps of single-stage, multistage, horizontal or vertical construction, with any drive and any installation for general application. Pumps used in the chemical process industries (e.g. those conforming to ISO 2858) are typical of those covered by this International Standard. This International Standard includes design features concerned with installation, maintenance and safety for these pumps including baseplate, couplings and auxiliary piping, but it does not specify any requirements for the driver other than those related to its rated power output.

ISO 9908:1993 Technical specifications for centrifugal pumps. Class III

Covers class III requirements for centrifugal pumps of single stage, multistage, horizontal or vertical construction (coupled or close-coupled) with any drive and any installation for general application. Includes design features concerned with installation, maintenance and safety of such pumps including baseplate, coupling and auxiliary piping but excluding the driver, if it is not an integral part of the pump.

ISO 14847:1999 Rotary positive displacement pumps. Technical requirements

This standard specifies the technical requirements, other than safety and testing, for rotary positive displacement pumps and rotary positive displacement pump units. This standard does not apply to rotary positive displacement pumps for fluid power applications.

ISO 15783:2002 Seal. Less centrifugal pumps. Class II · Specification

This International Standard specifies the requirements for seal-less centrifugal pumps that are driven with permanent magnet coupling (magnet drive pumps) or with canned motor, and which are mainly used in chemical processes, water treatment and petrochemical industries. Pumps will normally conform to recognized standard specifications (e.g. ISO 5199, explosion protection, electromagnetic compatibility), except where special requirements are specified herein. This International Standard includes design features concerned with installation, maintenance and operational safety of the pumps, and defines those items to be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer/supplier.

ISO 16330:2003 Reciprocating positive displacement pumps and pump units’ Technical requirements

This International Standard specifies the technical requirements, other than safety and testing, for reciprocating positive displacement pumps and pump units. It applies to pumps which utilize reciprocating motion derived from crankshafts and camshafts and also direct-acting fluid driven pumps. It does not apply to reciprocating positive displacement pumps, nor pumping water, where the whole pump is lubricated with the liquid being pumped.

ANSI/ASME 873.1 Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process

This standard covers centrifugal pumps of horizontal, end suction single stage, center-line discharge design. This Standard includes dimensional interchangeability requirements and certain design features to facilitate installation and maintenance. It is the intent of this Standard that pumps of the same standard dimension designation from all sources of supply shall be interchangeable with respect to mounting dimensions, size and location of suction and discharge nozzles, input shafts, baseplates, and foundation bolt holes.

ANSI/ASME 873.2 Specifications for Vertical Inline Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process

This Standard covers motor-driven centrifugal pumps of vertical shaft, single stage design with suction and discharge nozzles in line. It includes dimensional interchangeability requirements and certain design features to facilitate installation and maintenance. It is the intent of this Standard that pumps of the same standard dimension designation, from all sources of supply, shall be interchangeable with respect to mounting dimensions and size and location of suction and discharge.

ASME 873.3 Specification for Seal.less Horizontal End Suction Metallic Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process

This Standard covers seal-less centrifugal pumps of horizontal end suction single stage and centre-line discharge design. This Standard includes dimensional interchangeability requirements and certain design features to facilitate installation and maintenance. It is the intent of this Standard that pumps of the same standard dimensional designation from all sources of supply shall be interchangeable with respect to mounting dimensions, size, and location of suction and discharge nozzles, input shafts, baseplates, and foundation bolt holes

ASME 873.5M Specification for Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymer Material Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process (not often used in Australia)

This Standard covers centrifugal pumps of horizontal, end suction single stage, centreline discharge design, which components are made of thermoplastic and thermoset polymer materials either reinforced or non-reinforced. It includes dimensional interchangeability requirements and certain design features to facilitate installation and maintenance. It is the intent of this Standard that pumps of the same standard dimension designation from all sources of supply shall be interchangeable with respect to mounting dimensions, size, and location of suction and discharge nozzles, input shafts, baseplates, and foundation bolt holes. This Standard does not include lined or non polymer components.

ANSI/HI 3.1.3.5 Rotary Pumps (not often used in Australia)

This standard applies to industrial rotary positive displacement pumps. It includes: types and nomenclature; definitions; design and application, operation and maintenance. The updated standard also includes:

•      Capability tables in both metric and US customary units providing comparisons of rate of flow, pressure, viscosity, solids and abrasive handling, reversible rotation, and power range for 11 different types of rotary pumps;

•      A consolidated range chart providing a comparison of pressure and rate of flow in both metric and US customary units for 11 different rotary pump types;

•      Detailed explanation of each rotary pump type including basic operation, design features, typical applications, and driver requirements;

•   New and updated cross-sectional illustrations of popular rotary pump designs;

•   Revised and expanded list of definitions;

•   Listing of viscosities of common fluids;

•   Plot of efficiency vs. rate of flow for different pump types;

•   A completely new section on multiphase pumps for oil and gas applications.

ANSI/HI 4.1.4.6 Seal.less Rotary (not often used in Australia)

This standard applies to industrial rotary positive displacement pumps. It includes: types and nomenclature, definitions; design and application; installation, operation and maintenance; and test. It does not include standards on magnetic drives for seal-less pumps.

ANSI/HI 5.1.5.6 Seal.less Centrifugal Pump Standards (not often used in Australia)

This standard is for seal/less centrifugal pumps that are driven by canned motors or magnetic couplings. It includes types and nomenclature; definitions; design and application; installation, operation/maintenance and testing. The testing section includes:

•   Hermetic Integrity Test

•   Mechanical Integrity Test

•   Winding Integrity Test

ANSI/HI 6.1.6.5 Reciprocating Power Pump Standard (not often used in Australia)

This Standard applies to industrial/commercial reciprocating power pumps. It includes:

•   Types and Nomenclature

•   Oefinitions

•   Design and Application

• Basic Speeds

• Pump Torque Characteristics

• Calculating Volumetric Efficiency

•   Installation

• Protection of Pump Against Seepage or Flood

• Orive Alignment after Piping Installation

•   Operation and Maintenance

ANSI/HI 7.1.7.5 Controlled Volume Metering Pumps (not often used in Australia)

This Standard applies to Controlled-Volume Metering Pumps, which are reciprocating power pumps used to accurately displace a predetermined volume of liquid within a specified time. It contains sections on:

•   General Oescription

•   Types and Nomenclature

•   Oefinitions

•   Application and sizing

• Typical performance curves

• Materials of construction

• Control methods

•   Installation

• Storage recommendations

•   Operation and trouble solving

ANSI/HI 10.1.10.5 Air Operated Pumps (to our knowledge the only standard available for this type of pump and to date not seen in Australia)

This standard is for air-operated pumps and includes those positive displacement reciprocating pumps used for general fluid transfer, which are driven by means of a compressed gas (usually air) from an outside source. The pump may be designed with a single diaphragm or double diaphragms connected to a reciprocating shaft in which one side of the diaphragm is in contact with the liquid being pumped and the other side is in contact with the compressed gas. The standard includes the following sections:

•   Types, configurations, and nomenclature

•   Oefinitions

•   Oesign and Application

•   Installation, Operation, and Maintenance

ANSI/HI 12.1.12.6 Centrifugal Slurry Pumps (not often used in Australia)

This standard for centrifugal slurry pumps for nomenclature, definitions, applications and operation addresses a long-standing challenge in the wastewater pump industry for development and acceptance of a test standard written specifically for slurry pumps. The scope of this standard includes:

•   Slurry pump types

•   Types of slurries

•   Slurry limitations

•   Slurry solids effect on pumps

•   Pumping of froth, pump wear, and application

The standard provides requirements for wet-end and bearing housing shaft seals, establishes allowable nozzle loads, and provides a data sheet that can be used by purchasers and vendors to exchange information.

GENERAL PURPOSE:

ISO 2858:1975 End.suction centrifugal pumps (rating 16 bar) .. Designation, Nominal duty point and Dimensions

The standard covers the ISO requirements for general purpose pumps primarily for use with water. The pump designation consists of three numbers detailing suction and discharge connection sizes and nominal impeller diameter in mm e.g. 125 x 100-250. The table covers flange sizes from 50 mm up to and including 200 mm. This is primarily a dimensional standard.

DIN 24255 End.suction centrifugal pumps (normal rating 10 bar although some may claim 16 bar)

This specification details single stage, end suction overhung impeller centrifugal pumps for general purpose applications design to be used primarily with water up to a maximum of 120 C. This is primarily a dimensional standard. The majority of OIN 24255 pumps supplied in Australia are manufactured in China.
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